How can one best differentiate between internal and external root resorption?

The most effective way to differentiate between internal and external root resorption is by noting the movement of the resorptive process in relation to the canal. Internal root resorption occurs within the dental pulp and the dentin, resulting in a symmetrical and often concentric enlargement of the root canal space. This process can cause a change in the shape of the canal itself.

Conversely, external root resorption typically involves the outer surface of the root and is often associated with factors such as trauma, periodontal disease, or orthodontic movements. It tends to create an irregular surface pattern on the tooth root. By assessing the movement with respect to the canal, a clinician can determine whether the resorption is internal or external based on the source and direction of the resorptive process.

Using a panoramic radiograph can provide a broad overview of the dental structures but may not reveal the nuanced details necessary to differentiate between the two types of resorption effectively. An occlusal view can show the tooth from a different angle, yet it does not specifically clarify the relationship between the resorption and the canal. An electric pulp tester evaluates the vitality of the pulp but does not provide information on the resorptive pathology. Therefore, observing the movement relative to the canal remains the