What is a potential consequence of treating lichen planus with topical corticosteroids?

Treating lichen planus with topical corticosteroids can lead to iatrogenic candidiasis, which is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by the overgrowth of Candida species. Corticosteroids are known for their immunosuppressive properties. When they are applied topically, particularly over a prolonged period, they can disrupt the normal balance of flora in the oral cavity. This disruption can facilitate the overgrowth of fungi like Candida, leading to a condition known as thrush or oral candidiasis.

Topical corticosteroids are effective in reducing the inflammation associated with lichen planus, which is an autoimmune condition. However, while they decrease inflammation, they may negatively influence the local immune response. This alteration can make it easier for fungi to thrive when the local defenses are weakened. Hence, using corticosteroids carries the risk of causing secondary infections, such as candidiasis, particularly when the treatment is extensive or in patients with predisposing factors.

The other choices do not align with the consequences of corticosteroid use in this context. For example, increased bone density and enhanced immune response are not expected outcomes when using corticosteroids; instead, these medications can lead to decreased immune activity. While decreased inflammation is a direct effect of corticosteroids, the potential secondary effect